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Rare earths are used for rechargeable batteries, precision ceramics, computers, DVD players, wind turbines, catalysts, monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, optical fibers, superconductors and glass polishing for electric and hybrid vehicles.
Several rare earth elements, such as neodymium and dysprosium, are essential to the motors used in electric vehicles.
** Rare earth for military equipment**
Some rare earth minerals are indispensable in military equipment, such as jet engines, missile guidance systems, anti-missile defense systems, satellites and lasers.
La, for example, is the element needed to make night vision devices.
According to the GAO report in 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense accounts for about 1% of U.S. rare earth demand, while the U.S. accounts for about 9% of global rare earth demand.
** U.S. Enterprises Depending Most on China's Rare Earth Supply**
Raytheon (RTN.N), Lockheed Martin (LMT.N) and BAE systems (BAES.L) all produce precision missiles that require rare earth metals for their guidance systems and sensors. Lockheed Martin and BAE Systems declined to comment. Raytheon did not respond to requests for comment.
Apple's (AAPL.O) speakers, cameras, and touch engines that make mobile phones vibrate require rare earth elements. Apple says these elements are not available from traditional resource recyclers because they are too small to be recycled.
Eugene Gholz, a former senior supply chain expert at the U.S. Department of Defense, said that since 2010, the government and private sector have accumulated large stockpiles of rare earth and rare earth manufacturing components. Gholz teaches at the University of Notre Dame.
He also said that some suppliers had reduced the use of such elements.
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